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The anode material in almost all of today’s secondary lithium-ion batteries is graphite. In order to boost the energy density, we would love to replace the graphite by lithium metal. Many people work on this goal. Unfortunately, the lithium metal anode tends to form dendrites during electrochemical plating, eventually ending the battery life by an internal short-circuit. In our previous application note “Lithium metal dendrites: Pictures speak louder than words” we have presented a time-lapse video showing the lithium dendrite growth in a lithium metal battery using a graphite strip as the working electrode, and lithium metal as the...
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Testing materials for lithium-ion batteries A battery is a can with two terminals named plus and minus, or 1 and 2. Testing this battery means that you apply either a voltage (V12) profile or a current (i12) profile across the two terminals, and measure the corresponding current or voltage response. The profile can have many different shapes such as square, triangle, sine, or some arbitrary profile. This concept applies to small and large battery cells as well as to arrays of such battery cells connected in series and/or in parallel (battery modules or packs). One could therefore think that...
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New cathode and anode materials for lithium ion batteries (LiB) are often tested for their electrochemical performance using lithium metal as the counter electrode. In laboratory language, these configurations are sometimes called “half-cells”. In most cases no reference electrode is used for such half-cells because the electrode potential of the lithium metal electrode is considered to be pinned to 0 V vs. Li/Li+. The half-cell concept is impressively simple and has proven itself for many questions. However, we will show here that half-cell experiments have their limits. In this note we will first take a closer look at the...
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Testing of Battery Materials with Mesh-type Reference Electrodes A long time ago, we advertised to use a finger-type (aka wire-type) reference electrode. Everything we wrote still holds. However, the bad news is that the finger-type reference electrode is no longer available. The good news is that we now have an even better solution: The mesh-type reference electrode. The new mesh-type reference comes in two variants: fine and coarse. Both have the same web width of 50 µm and web thickness of 25 µm but different mesh sizes (see pictures below). You will get the mesh ready assembled into our standard...
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Comparing Seal Materials: When should I use aluminum or PE seals? The battery test cells in the PAT series are characterized by their high impermeability to the outside atmosphere. This increases the long-term stability of the cell chemistry and enables long-term measurements over several thousand hours. (See example here.) When designing the PAT-Cell, the number of seals was reduced as much as possible to limit potential leaks. The lid seal is, therefore, crucial for the cell's tightness. Lid seals are available in different materials. In addition to the standard seals made of PE, we also offer an aluminum version....
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