Working modes

Mode 1: Air mode

The lower plunger with perforated plate allows for electrochemical characterization of gas diffusion electrodes used for instance in Li-air batteries. The lower electrode is contacted by and “breathes” through the perforated stainless steel current collector supporting it. During operation, the pressure gradient building up between cell headroom and the gas volume below the perforated plate effectively prevents back-mixing. The relatively large volume below the perforated is at the expense of time resolution, but makes this solution robust against clogging of the gas path.

Mode 2: OEMS mode

The PAT-Core setup using a lower plunger with a flow field provides almost perfect plug-flow of the purge gas, being essential for quantitative time-resolved analysis. Gases evolved or consumed at the working electrode may be analysed through the composition change of the gas stream that is to be passed along the spiral-type flow field below the working electrode. The composition of the outgoing gas can be analyzed by e.g. mass spectrometry. The pressure gradient between cell headroom and spiral-type flow field effectively prevents back mixing. This and the tiny gas volume of the flow field ensure the best possible time resolution.

Features

PAT series test cell with gas inlet and outlet with 1/16 inch Swagelok Tube Fitting

PAT-Core design with or without ring-shaped reference electrode

Lower plungers with perforated plate and with spiral-shaped flow field for optimized plug-flow available.

Optional laser-welded pressure sensor, pressure range of 0 to 3 bar abs. (0.5 to 4.5 V output signal)

Optional gas sample port

Integrated PAT-Button for automatic cell identification

Electrode feedthroughs with glass-to-metal seals

Optimized lid for use with metal seal

Helium leak tested for high tightness

Specifications

Dead volume (PAT-Cell-Gas with metal seal lid)

PAT-Cell-Gas

• PAT-Cell with gas inlet and outlet
• Optimized lid for use with metal seal
• Electrode feedthroughs with glass-to-metal seals

PAT-Cell-Gas P

• PAT-Cell with gas inlet and outlet
• Laser-welded pressure sensor, 0 to 3 bar abs.
• Optimized lid for use with metal seal
• Electrode feedthroughs with glass-to-metal seals

PAT-Cell-Gas S

• PAT-Cell with gas inlet and outlet
• Gas sample port
• Optimized lid for use with metal seal
• Electrode feedthroughs with glass-to-metal seals

PAT-Cell-Gas SP

• PAT-Cell with gas inlet and outlet
• Laser-welded pressure sensor, 0 to 3 bar abs.
• Gas sample port
• Optimized lid for use with metal seal
• Electrode feedthroughs with glass-to-metal seals

Consumables

	Item name	Reference material	Separator material	Temperature range	Component type	Usage	Material	Order number	Cell design		Order
	Upper plunger (Cu)			70°C 200°C	Plunger	Single-use	Copper (Cu, 99.9 (E-CU 58))	ECC1-01-0026-A	PAT-Cell-HT		Buy online
	Upper plunger (Al)			70°C 200°C	Plunger	Single-use	Aluminum (Al, 99.5 (EN-AW-1050))	ECC1-01-0026-B	PAT-Cell-HT		Buy online
	Upper plunger (Stainless steel)			70°C 200°C	Plunger	Reusable	Stainless steel 316L (1.4404)	ECC1-01-0026-C	PAT-Cell-HT		Buy online
	Upper plunger (PEEK) with upper feed wire (Au) and disc spring (Au)			70°C 200°C	Plunger	Reusable	PEEK (Plunger) Gold (Au) (Feed wire and disc spring)	ECC1-01-0065-A	PAT-Cell-Aqu, PAT-Cell-HT		Buy online
	Lower Plunger (perf. Plate), stainless steel			70°C 200°C	Plunger	Reusable	Stainless steel 316L (1.4404)	ECC1-01-0081-C_x (x = height number 50 to 800)	PAT-Cell-Gas		Request a quote
	Lower plunger (perf. plate), Ni			70°C 200°C	Plunger	Reusable	Nickel, Ni >99%	ECC1-01-0081-D_x (x = height number 50 to 800)	PAT-Cell-Gas		Request a quote
	Lower plunger (flow field), SS			70°C 200°C	Plunger	Reusable	Stainless steel 316L (1.4404)	ECC1-01-0038-C_x (x = height number 50 to 800)	PAT-Cell-Gas		Buy online
	Lower plunger (flow field), Ni			70°C 200°C	Plunger	Reusable	Nickel, Ni >99%	ECC1-01-0038-D_x (x = height number 50 to 800)	PAT-Cell-Gas		Request a quote
	Insulation sleeve PP (Al-Reference, Separator Customized) (10 pcs)	Aluminum	Provided by customer	70°C	Insulation sleeve	Single-use	Aluminum (Al) (Reference) Custom separator Polypropylene (PP) (Sleeve)				Request a quote
	Insulation sleeve PP (Na-Reference, Separator GF/A) (10 pcs)	Sodium	Borosilicate glass fiber	70°C	Insulation sleeve	Single-use	Sodium (Na) (Reference) Borosilicate glass fiber (Separator) Polypropylene (PP) (Sleeve)	ECC1-00-0210-U/X		Separator type: Whatman GF/A	Buy online
	Insulation sleeve PP (Mg-Reference, Separator GF/A) (10 pcs)	Magnesium	Borosilicate glass fiber	70°C	Insulation sleeve	Single-use	Magnesium (Mg) (Reference) Borosilicate glass fiber (Separator) Polypropylene (PP) (Sleeve)	ECC1-00-0210-H/X		Separator type: Whatman GF/A	Buy online
	Insulation sleeve PP (Al-Reference, Separator GF/A) (10 pcs)	Aluminum	Borosilicate glass fiber	70°C	Insulation sleeve	Single-use	Aluminum (Al) (Reference) Borosilicate glass fiber (Separator) Polypropylene (PP) (Sleeve)	ECC1-00-0210-J/X		Separator type: Whatman GF/A	Buy online
	Insulation sleeve PP (Mg-Reference, Separator Customized) (10 pcs)	Magnesium	Provided by customer	70°C	Insulation sleeve	Single-use	Magnesium (Mg) (Reference) Custom separator Polypropylene (PP) (Sleeve)				Request a quote
	Insulation sleeve PP (AC-Reference, Separator Customized) (10 pcs)	Activated carbon	Provided by customer	70°C	Insulation sleeve	Single-use	Activated carbon (Reference) Custom separator Polypropylene (PP) (Sleeve)				Request a quote
	Insulation sleeve PP (Na-Reference, Separator Customized) (10 pcs)	Sodium	Provided by customer	70°C	Insulation sleeve	Single-use	Sodium (Na) (Reference) Custom separator Polypropylene (PP) (Sleeve)				Request a quote
	Insulation sleeve PP (AC(SS)-Reference ring, Separator GF/A) (10 pcs)	Activated carbon on stainless steel	Borosilicate glass fiber	70°C	Insulation sleeve	Single-use	Activated carbon on stainless steel (Reference) Borosilicate glass fiber (Separator) Polypropylene (PP) (Sleeve)	ECC1-00-0450-M/X		Separator type: Whatman GF/A, 260 µm	Buy online
	Insulation sleeve PP (AC(SS)-Reference ring, Separator FS-5P) (10 pcs)	Activated carbon on stainless steel	PP fiber/PE membrane	70°C	Insulation sleeve	Single-use	Activated carbon on stainless steel (Reference) PP fiber/PE membrane (Separator) Polypropylene (PP) (Sleeve)	ECC1-00-0450-N/X		Separator type: Freudenberg Viledon FS 2226E + Lydall Solupor 5P09B, 220 µm)	Buy online
	Insulation sleeve (PP), stainless steel cross, no Separator (10 pcs)	Stainless Steel Cross Reference		70°C	Insulation sleeve	Single-use	Stainless Steel Cross Reference(Reference) without Separator Polypropylene (PP) (Sleeve)	ECC1-00-0420-M/X			Buy online
	Insulation sleeve PP (Sodium Reference ring, Separator 2325) (10 pcs)	Sodium	Celgard 2325	70°C	Insulation sleeve	Single-use	Sodium(Reference) Celgard 2325 (Separator) Polypropylene (PP) (Sleeve)	ECC1-00-0450-O/X		Separator type: Celgard 2325, 25 µm	Buy online
	Insulation sleeve PP (Na-Reference, Separator FS-5P) (10 pcs)	Sodium	PP fiber/PE membrane	70°C	Insulation sleeve	Single-use	Sodium (Na) (Reference) PP fiber/PE membrane (Separator) Polypropylene (PP) (Sleeve)	ECC1-00-0210-X/X		Separator type: Freudenberg Viledon FS 2226E + Lydall Solupor 5P09B)	Buy online
	Insulation sleeve PP (Li-Reference, Separator Customized) (10 pcs)	Lithium	Provided by customer	70°C	Insulation sleeve	Single-use	Lithium (Li) (Reference) Custom separator Polypropylene (PP) (Sleeve)				Request a quote
	Insulation sleeve PP (Li-Reference, Separator GF/A) (10 pcs)	Lithium	Borosilicate glass fiber	70°C	Insulation sleeve	Single-use	Lithium (Li) (Reference) Borosilicate glass fiber (Separator) Polypropylene (PP) (Sleeve)	ECC1-00-0210-O/X		Separator type: Whatman GF/A	Buy online
	Insulation sleeve PP (Li-Reference, Separator FS 3005-25) (10 pcs)	Lithium	PET fiber, Al2O3	70°C	Insulation sleeve	Single-use	Lithium (Li) (Reference) PET fiber, Al2O3 (Separator) Polypropylene (PP) (Sleeve)	ECC1-00-0210-A/X		Separator type: Freudenberg Viledon FS 3005-25	Buy online
	Insulation sleeve PP (Li-Reference, Separator FS-5P) (10 pcs)	Lithium	PP fiber/PE membrane	70°C	Insulation sleeve	Single-use	Lithium (Li) (Reference) PP fiber/PE membrane (Separator) Polypropylene (PP) (Sleeve)	ECC1-00-0210-V/X		Separator type: Freudenberg Viledon FS 2226E + Lydall Solupor 5P09B)	Buy online
	Insulation sleeve (PP), stainless steel mesh, no Separator (10 pcs)	Stainless steel mesh		70°C	Insulation sleeve	Single-use	Stainless steel mesh (Reference) without Separator Polypropylene (PP) (Sleeve)	ECC1-00-0210-N/X			Buy online
	Insulation sleeve PP (Separator Customized, if appl. Clamping ring) (10 pcs)	none	Provided by customer	70°C	Insulation sleeve	Single-use	Custom reference and separator Polypropylene (PP) (Sleeve)				Request a quote
	Insulation sleeve PP (Separator GF/A) (10 pcs)	none	Borosilicate glass fiber	70°C	Insulation sleeve	Single-use	Custom reference Borosilicate glass fiber (Separator) Polypropylene (PP) (Sleeve)	ECC1-00-0210-P/X		Separator type: Whatman GF/A	Buy online
	Insulation sleeve PP (Separator FS 3005-25) (10 pcs)	none	PET fiber, Al2O3	70°C	Insulation sleeve	Single-use	Custom reference PET fiber, Al2O3 (Separator) Polypropylene (PP) (Sleeve)	ECC1-00-0210-B/X		Separator type: Freudenberg Viledon FS 3005-25	Buy online
	Insulation sleeve PP (Separator FS-5P) (10 pcs)	none	PP fiber/PE membrane	70°C	Insulation sleeve	Single-use	Custom reference PP fiber/PE membrane (Separator) Polypropylene (PP) (Sleeve)	ECC1-00-0210-W/X		Separator type: Freudenberg Viledon FS 2226E + Lydall Solupor 5P09B)	Buy online
	Plain Insulation sleeve PP (disassembled) (10 pcs)	none	none	70°C	Insulation sleeve	Single-use	Custom reference and separator Polypropylene (PP) (Sleeve)	ECC1-00-0210-D/X			Buy online
	Plain Insulation sleeve (PP), Reed contact (Ni on SS), disassembled (10 pcs)	none	none	70°C	Insulation sleeve	Single-use	Without reference Withput separator Polypropylene (PP) (Sleeve)	ECC1-00-0210-T/X			Buy online
	Plain Insulation sleeve PEEK, disassembled	none	none	70°C 200°C	Insulation sleeve	Reusable	PEEK (Sleeve) Custom reference and separator	ECC1-00-0510-T	PAT-Cell-HT, PAT-Cell-Aqu		Buy online
	Separator (GF/A) 21.6 x 0.26 mm, 50 pcs		Borosilicate glass fiber	70°C 200°C	Separator	Single-use	Borosilicate glass fiber	ECC1-01-0011-A/L	PAT-Cell-HT, PAT-Cell-Aqu	Separator type: Whatman GF/A	Buy online
	Separator (FS-5P) 21.6 x 0.22 mm, 50 pcs		PP fiber/PE membrane	70°C	Separator	Single-use	PP fiber/PE membrane	ECC1-01-0051-A/L	PAT-Cell-Aqu	Separator type: Freudenberg Viledon FS 2226E + Lydall Solupor 5P09B)	Buy online
	Separator (FS 3005-25), 21.6 x 0.025 mm, 50 pcs		PET fiber, Al2O3	70°C	Separator	Single-use	PET fiber, Al2O3	ECC1-01-0036-A/L	PAT-Cell-Aqu	Separator type: Freudenberg Viledon FS 3005-25	Buy online
	Reed contact (Ni on SS) (10 pcs)			70°C 200°C	Reed contact	Single-use	Nickel (Ni>99%) on stainless steel 316L (1.4404)	ECC1-00-0186-A/X	PAT-Cell-HT, PAT-Cell-Aqu		Buy online
	Reed contact (Au on SS) (10 pcs)			70°C 200°C	Reed contact	Reusable	Gold (Au>99%) on stainless steel 316L (1.4404)	ECC1-00-0186-D/X	PAT-Cell-HT, PAT-Cell-Aqu		Buy online
	Reference ring (Mg) (10 pcs)	Magnesium		70°C 200°C	Reference ring	Single-use	Magnesium (Mg)	ECC1-00-0182-F/X	PAT-Cell-HT, PAT-Cell-Aqu		Buy online
	Reference ring (Li) (10 pcs)	Lithium		70°C 200°C	Reference ring	Single-use	Lithium (Li)	ECC1-00-0182-O/X	PAT-Cell-HT, PAT-Cell-Aqu		Buy online
	Reference ring (AC on SS) (10 pcs)	Activated carbon		70°C 200°C	Reference ring	Single-use	Activated carbon on stainless steel	ECC1-00-0182-W/X	PAT-Cell-HT		Buy online
	Current collector 18 mm, Au (5 pcs)			70°C 200°C	Current collector disc	Reusable	Gold (Au>99%)	ECC1-00-0069-A/V	PAT-Cell-HT, PAT-Cell-Aqu		Buy online
	Current collector 18 mm, Ti (5 pcs)			70°C 200°C	Current collector disc	Reusable	Titanium (Ti >99%, grade 2)	ECC1-00-0069-C/V	PAT-Cell-HT, PAT-Cell-Aqu		Buy online
	Current collector 18 mm, Pt (5 pcs)			70°C 200°C	Current collector disc	Reusable	Platinum (Pt>99%)	ECC1-00-0069-D/V	PAT-Cell-HT, PAT-Cell-Aqu		Buy online
	Current collector 18 mm, Ni (5 pcs)			70°C 200°C	Current collector disc	Reusable	Nickel (Ni>99%)	ECC1-00-0069-F/V	PAT-Cell-HT, PAT-Cell-Aqu		Buy online
	Sealing ring PE (100 pcs)			70°C	Sealing ring	Single-use	Polyethylene (PE)	ECC1-00-0232-A/C	PAT-Cell_only		Buy online
	Sealing ring PTFE (10 pcs)			70°C 200°C	Sealing ring	Single-use	PTFE	ECC1-00-0232-B/X	PAT-Cell_only		Buy online
	Sealing ring, Al (washer)(annealed), 10 pcs			70°C 200°C	Sealing ring	Single-use	Aluminum (Al) 3.3315	ECC1-00-0232-G/X	PAT-Cell-HT, PAT-Cell-Aqu, PAT-Cell-Press		Buy online

*x = Height number (50 to 800). Use our configurator to determine the proper lower plunger.

Frequently asked questions

How can I prevent clogging and corrosion of the PAT-Cell-Gas?

• Use the lowest possible flow rates for the gas passing through the cell. This minimises electrolyte droplets being entrained as an aerosol and the electrolyte solution evaporating quickly. Typical flow rates are around 0.1 cm³/min.
• Saturate the supplied gas with the solvent before it enters the cell. Use the same solvent as for the electrolyte. This prevents entrained electrolyte solution from crystallising out on the outlet side and thus blocking the gas path. At best work with a high-boiling (non-volatile) electrolyte solution.
• Always disassemble and clean the cell in the glove box, never in room air. This prevents the electrolyte from decomposing in contact with moisture and thus corrosion by hydrofluoric acid.
• After the experiment, use a syringe to dissolve and remove crystallised salt residues in the gas path with fresh solvent.

Can the PAT-Cell-Gas be operated with a PAT battery tester?

Yes, this is the easiest way to operate the cell. Simply plug the test cell into a PAT-Channel of the PAT-Tester-x and connect the gas in- and outlet. The PAT-Channel can be placed inside a temperature chamber at 0 to +40°C. For more extreme temperatures, the test cell can be plugged into the PAT-Stand-1 which is connected by a cable to a PAT-Channel outside the temperature chamber. Note that the PAT-Cell-Gas only fits into the PAT-Tester-i-16 when disconnected from gas supply.

Can the PAT-Cell-Gas be operated with a third-party potentiostat?

Yes, plug the test cell into the PAT-Stand-1 and connect the stand to the cell cable of your potentiostat. For reading the pressure signal (only PAT-Cell-Gas variants P and SP), the PAT-Press-Box is required. Insert the PAT-Press-Box between PAT-Stand-1 and potentiostat or battery tester.

Which cell is right? PAT-Cell-Press or PAT-Cell-Gas?

How do i set up the PAT-Core for gas analysis measurements in the PAT-Cell-Gas?

The configuration of the PAT-Core for gas analysis is identical to the common setup in the PAT-Cell, with two exceptions:

• For the lower plunger, use the version with flow field or with perforated plate, depending on your test case.
• Use an electrode that is supported by a gas permeable current collector as lower electrode. This permeable current collector can be a mesh or expanded metal. In the manual, we refer to this electrode as “gas diffusion electrode”.

With the permeable current collector, gases generated at the electrodes can be carried out of the cell along the spiral flow field with the carrier gas supplied from outside. The term “gas diffusion electrode” is intended only to express that the lower electrode must be somewhat permeable to gas. It must not have a foil-like current collector that is impermeable to gas. Note that gases formed at the upper electrode will also enter the gas stream to some extent. It may therefore be useful to use LFP as the upper electrode instead of lithium metal, for example.

How can I identify whether my PAT-Cell is suitable for use with metal seals?

The compatible cell lid for metal seals (Item name: Screw cap insulated (PAT)) can be recognized by two features. It has two holes on the top and a white or black inset made of PPS in the lid, which serves as insulation.
As the two holes can also be found on older cell lids without insulation, you should always check whether the inset is present. Non-compatible cell lids have no inset at all.